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Leishmania isoenzyme polymorphisms in Ecuador: Relationships with geographic distribution and clinical presentation

Calvopina, M; Armijos, RX; Marco, JD; Uezato, H; Kato, H; Gomez, EA; Korenaga, M; Barroso, PA; Mimori, T; Cooper, PJ; et al. Calvopina, M; Armijos, RX; Marco, JD; Uezato, H; Kato, H; Gomez, EA; Korenaga, M; Barroso, PA; Mimori, T; Cooper, PJ; Nonaka, S; Hashiguchi, Y (2006) Leishmania isoenzyme polymorphisms in Ecuador: Relationships with geographic distribution and clinical presentation. BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 6 (139). ISSN 1471-2334 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-6-139
SGUL Authors: Cooper, Philip John

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Abstract

Background: Determinants of the clinical presentation of the leishmaniases are poorly understood but Leishmania species and strain differences are important. To examine the relationship between clinical presentation, species and isoenzyme polymorphisms, 56 Leishmania isolates from distinct presentations of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) from Ecuador were analyzed. Methods: Isolates were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for polymorphisms of 11 isoenzymes. Patients were infected in four different ecologic regions: highland and lowland jungle of the Pacific coast, Amazonian lowlands and Andean highlands. Results: Six Leishmania species constituting 21 zymodemes were identified: L. (Viannia) panamensis (21 isolates, 7 zymodemes), L. (V.) guyanensis (7 isolates, 4 zymodemes), L. (V.) braziliensis (5 isolates, 3 zymodemes), L. (Leishmania) mexicana (11 isolates, 4 zymodemes), L. (L.) amazonensis (10 isolates, 2 zymodemes) and L. (L.) major (2 isolates, 1 zymodeme). L. panamensis was the species most frequently identified in the Pacific region and was associated with several clinical variants of cutaneous disease (CL); eight cases of leishmaniasis recidiva cutis (LRC) found in the Pacific highlands were associated with 3 zymodemes of this species. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis found only in the Amazonian focus was associated with 3 zymodemes of L. braziliensis. The papular variant of CL, Uta, found in the Andean highlands was related predominantly with a single zymodeme of L. mexicana. Conclusion: Our data show a high degree of phenotypic variation within species, and some evidence for associations between specific variants of ATL (i.e. Uta and LRC) and specific Leishmania zymodemes. This study further defines the geographic distribution of Leishmania species and clinical variants of ATL in Ecuador.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Copyright 2006 Calvopina et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords: Adult, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Ecuador, Female, Humans, Isoenzymes, Leishmania, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Male, Polymorphism, Genetic, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Infectious Diseases, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS, HUMAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS, ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS, MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY, SOUTH-AMERICA, VIANNIA, PERU, IDENTIFICATION, BRAZILIENSIS, POPULATIONS, Microbiology, 0605 Microbiology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1108 Medical Microbiology
SGUL Research Institute / Research Centre: Academic Structure > Infection and Immunity Research Institute (INII)
Journal or Publication Title: BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
ISSN: 1471-2334
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Dates:
DateEvent
13 September 2006Published
Web of Science ID: WOS:000240735400001
URI: http://sgultest.da.ulcc.ac.uk/id/eprint/107075
Publisher's version: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-6-139

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